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Abstract
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Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) affects millions globally, with diagnosis relying on estimated Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) from creatinine (Cn) measurements, which are costly and timeconsuming. Electrochemical sensors based on Molecularly Imprinted Polymers (MIPs) offer a promising alternative for rapid and cost-effective Cn detection. With surface imprinting technique, this study optimized electropolymerized MIP (eMIP) sensors using PPY monomer printed on SPCE by varying Cn template concentrations (0.2–1.0 M) during polymerization. Characterization via cyclic voltammetry (CV), FTIR, UV-Vis, and AFM revealed that eMIP 0.4 M demonstrated the most stable binding cavities, crucial for sensor longevity. UV-Vis and AFM analysis further confirmed the superior binding properties of eMIP 0.4 M. The optimized sensor achieved a limit of detection (LOD) of 0.00004 M, a limit of quantification (LOQ) of 0.000133 M, and a linear range of 0.00001–1.0 M for Cn detection using [electrochemical technique]. Reproducibility and repeatability were excellent, with relative standard deviations (RSD) below 13%. This eMIP sensor platform holds significant potential for point-of-care CKD diagnosis, particularly in resource-constrained environments, where access to traditional testing is limited.
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