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Abstract
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Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) bone cement is widely used in orthopedic applications such as kyphoplasty and prosthesis fixation due to its suitable mechanical properties. However, its inherent bioinertness limits direct bonding with bone tissue. This study introduces a novel approach to enhance the bioactivity of PMMA via surface chemical modification of the powder phase. PMMA microspheres were synthesized using the solvent evaporation emulsification method, which involved optimizing the surfactant type and concentration, as well as process conditions, to achieve morphological stability. Surface hydrolysis with sulfuric acid was performed to introduce carboxylic functional groups. Subsequently, chemical functionalization was carried out using varying concentrations of silane coupling agents, GPTMS and TEOS. FTIR spectroscopy and SEM analysis confirmed successful surface modification while maintaining microsphere morphology. Bioactivity was evaluated by immersing the samples in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 1, 7, and 14 days. The gradual formation of a hydroxyapatite layer was observed on the modified surfaces, as validated through SEM imaging, FTIR spectra, and XRD patterns. The findings indicate that surface silanization significantly improves the bioactivity of PMMA microspheres. This surface modification strategy shows great promise for developing PMMA-based implant materials with enhanced osseointegration potential.
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