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Abstract
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Nanomaterials such as carbon nanotubes, graphene, and nanoparticles have demonstrated exceptional mechanical, electrical, and sensing properties, enabling the development of miniaturized and efficient sensors. These sensors exhibit improved sensitivity, accuracy, and reliability compared to traditional sensing technologies, allowing for the early detection of structural issues such as strain, deformation, and damage. Furthermore, the integration of nanotechnology with Internet of Things (IoT) platforms and data analytics tools facilitates seamless real-time monitoring, data collection, and analysis. This integration enables proactive maintenance strategies and data-driven decision-making, enhancing structural safety, optimizing maintenance schedules, and minimizing downtime and repair costs. The implications of these advancements extend across various sectors, including civil infrastructure, aerospace, and offshore structures, where nanotechnology-enabled SHM systems play a crucial role in ensuring the safety, reliability, and longevity of critical assets. Overall, this review underscores the transformative potential of nanotechnology in revolutionizing structural health monitoring practices and shaping the future of infrastructure maintenance and management. The main findings reveal that nanotechnology has made significant strides in advancing structural health monitoring (SHM) by enhancing data acquisition and processing capabilities. Key developments include the creation of highly flexible and sensitive nanosensors through innovations in 2D materials, MEMS platforms, and stable speckle patterns. These advancements have improved real-time monitoring and accuracy in detecting structural issues. However, challenges such as fabrication complexity, scalability, and sensitivity degradation remain, necessitating further research.
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