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Abstract
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The evolving link between natural gas, electricity, and heating systems has led to increased interdependence, driven in part by the proliferation of cogeneration plants and increased electric heating infrastructure. The dominant trajectory in the energy landscape revolves around the integration of multiple energies. Central to this evolution is the concept of the energy hub (EH), a dynamic intermediary that coordinates the allocation of high-efficiency energy resources between providers and consumers. However, this prospect is marred by uncertainties arising from diverse energy demand vectors, a challenge that overshadows the EH operation and system efficiency. The promise of energy trading and sharing between individual hubs emerges as a strong countermeasure to enhance system flexibility and reduce costs amid demand uncertainty problems. In this study, we address the three basic paradigms for structuring categories of EHs: single market, joint market, and aggregate market on the demand side. These frameworks are investigated under a stochastic background, characterized by probabilistic load predictions. Our research starts with a comprehensive theoretical analysis and evaluates their economic efficiency from the point of view of maximum utility or minimum cost. This research culminates with the unveiling of the inherent utility curves of each plan and reveals several central phenomena through the prism of economic analysis. The culmination of this research is revealed in a series of numerical experiments. All the problems considered in this study have been solved using the Archimedes optimization algorithm in order to provide the exact answer and fast convergence while setting the same solution conditions for all conditions. These empirical tests not only contribute to the validity of theoretical conjectures, but also shed light on the inherent capacity of the sharing scheme to traverse regions of near-optimal efficiency without a central orchestrator. This revelation places the sharing scheme as a beacon of promise for the future work of multi-energy systems.
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